Directly message your medical team, easy scheduling, fast refills & more!

MAO Inhibitors

 

Effective Treatment for Depression & Anxiety

1. Complete a short form

2. Talk to a provider

3. Get a prescription

 

One Plan for

Better Mental Health

$149 Per Month
You Decide

Your provider will answer questions & guide you but you pick the MAOI.

Expert Providers

We frequently manage multiple medications and high-dose treatments.

Timely Care

Prescriptions delivered to your preferred pharmacy within 24 hrs.

What are MAO Inhibitors?

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or MAOIs are an effective but often underutilized class of medications that treats a variety of mental health issues including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. MAOIs primarily work by preventing the breaking down of several important chemical messengers including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Read Our Complete & Detailed MAO Inhibitor Guide At MAOI
Are MAOIs Effective?

Comparative treatment studies have found MAOIs frequently are more effective than several other medication classes including SSRIs and TCAs in treating several conditions including:

  • Depression [1-5]
  • Anxiety disorders including generalized and social anxiety, panic disorder & more [6-11]
  • Bipolar disorder [12-13]

Guidelines from large medical societies support more widespread use of MAOIs given their effectiveness in atypical and treatment-resistant mental health disorders [12-19] with studies reporting a 70% response rate among difficult cases. [20, 21]  Due to their high rate of effectiveness among MAOIs, when they fail to produce a sufficient therapeutic response, it is often due to prescriber inexperience. [28-32]

Are There any Side Effects?

With proper management, side effects are often prevented or minimized. For example, adding a second medication removes dietary restrictions associate with MAOIs. In cases where patients experience side effects, they are often for a short duration and easily treatable. Common side effects include: difficulty falling asleep, dizziness, and fatigue.

 

What are the MAOIs?

There are four FDA-approved MAOIs:

· Parnate (Tranylcypromine)
· Nardil (Phenelzine)
· Selegiline (Emsam)
· Marplan (Isocarboxazid)

Each MAOI has different strengths and weakness and selection of the best MAOI for a particular individual requires a discussion with an experienced provider.

Frequently Asked Questions

 

MAO inhibitors often start working within 2 weeks [33-35] and may demonstrate superiority to other treatments by 4-6 weeks. [36, 37] Response to MAOIs varying among the types of MAOIs and patients.

 

Other than mood disorders such as major depression and anxiety disorders, MAO inhibitors are also effective in treating narcolepsy [22, 23] and bipolar disorder with guidelines supporting their utility. [1, 26, 27]

 

Your provider will likely be able to manage and prescribe all of your medications relating to mental health.

 

At this time, we are not prescribing controlled substances including stimulants and benzodiazepines.

 

The most common side effects are difficulty falling sleeping and dizziness with standing. Both are short-lived, typically resolving in a few days to a few weeks at a given dose. Our providers employ simple and effective solutions to prevent and treat side effects.

 

Restrictions are relatively minimal as modern manufacturing has improved food quality. Often patients don’t need to change their diet or only need to eliminate 1 or 2 foods. Some MAOIs don’t have significant dietary restrictions & adding low-dose Desipramine or Nortriptyline to a MAOI can eliminate dietary restrictions. [38-42] 

Here are some common foods to avoid

 

There is a known risk of serotonin syndrome or serotonin toxicity when MAOIs are combined with certain medications and supplements when taken with MAOIs. Your provider will review these risks and ways to mitigate them.

 

We do not accept patients with any of the following:

  • Are <18 years of age
  • Have hallucinations or delusions
  • Have thoughts of hurting themselves or others
  • Have never tried another prescription medication for mood disorders or anxiety disorders
  • Have a personal history or family history of pheochromocytoma
  • Have poorly controlled diabetes and/or frequent hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) events
  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Taken a medication with significant serotonergic activity without a sufficient “washout period” or break before starting a MAOI (Feel free to contact us if you are unsure about your own medications)

 

Our patients live in all 50 states and we can send your prescription to a pharmacy in any of the 50 states. However, patients must agree to be in any of these states whenever talking with their provider: AL, AR, AZ, CA, DE, DC, FL, HI, IA, ID, IN, KS, MD, MN, MO, MS, ND, NE, NC, NY, OH, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV

 

After your initial appointment, we will mail you a blood pressure monitor and send any prescriptions your provider wrote to your preferred pharmacy.

What Our Patients Say

  1. Thase ME, Frank E, Mallinger AG, Hamer T, Kupfer DJ. Treatment of imipramine-resistant recurrent depression, III: Efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Clin Psychiatry. 1992 Jan;53(1):5-11. PMID: 1737741.
  2. Nolen WA, van de Putte JJ, Dijken WA, Kamp JS, Blansjaar BA, Kramer HJ, Haffmans J. Treatment strategy in depression. II. MAO inhibitors in depression resistant to cyclic antidepressants: two controlled crossover studies with tranylcypromine versus L-5-hydroxytryptophan and nomifensine. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1988 Dec;78(6):676-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06403.x. PMID: 3146891.
  3. Amsterdam JD, Shults J. MAOI efficacy and safety in advanced stage treatment-resistant depression–a retrospective study. J Affect Disord. 2005 Dec;89(1-3):183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.06.011. Epub 2005 Oct 6. PMID: 16213594.
  4. Georgotas A, McCue RE, Hapworth W, Friedman E, Kim OM, Welkowitz J, Chang I, Cooper TB. Comparative efficacy and safety of MAOIs versus TCAs in treating depression in the elderly. Biol Psychiatry. 1986 Oct;21(12):1155-66. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90222-2. PMID: 3756264.
  5. Kim T, Xu C, Amsterdam JD. Relative effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressant versus monoamine oxidase inhibitor monotherapy for treatment-resistant depression. J Affect Disord. 2019 May 1;250:199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.028. Epub 2019 Mar 6. PMID: 30861462.
  6. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet]. York (UK): Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 1995-. Update on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. 2014. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK293269/
  7. Tyrer P, Shawcross C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in anxiety disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 1988;22 Suppl 1:87-98. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(88)90070-2. PMID: 3050061.
  8. Nies A. Differential response patterns to MAO inhibitors and tricyclics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1984 Jul;45(7 Pt 2):70-7. PMID: 6376487.
  9. Coplan JD, Tiffon L, Gorman JM. Therapeutic strategies for the patient with treatment-resistant anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993 May;54 Suppl:69-74. PMID: 8509358.
  10. Williams T, McCaul M, Schwarzer G, Cipriani A, Stein DJ, Ipser J: Pharmacological treatments for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta- analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 10]. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 1-8. doi:10.1017/neu.2020.6
  11. Nardi AE, Lopes FL, Valença AM, Freire RC, Nascimento I, Veras AB, Mezzasalma MA, de-Melo-Neto VL, Soares-Filho GL, King AL, Grivet LO, Rassi A, Versiani M. Double-blind comparison of 30 and 60 mg tranylcypromine daily in patients with panic disorder comorbid with social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010 Feb 28;175(3):260-5. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.025. Epub 2009 Dec 29. PMID: 20036427.
  12. Himmelhoch JM, Thase ME, Mallinger AG, Houck P. Tranylcypromine versus imipramine in anergic bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1991 Jul;148(7):910-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.148.7.910. PMID: 2053632.
  13. Mallinger AG, Frank E, Thase ME, et al. Revisiting the effectiveness of standard antidepressants in bipolar disorder: are monoamine oxidase inhibitors superior?. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2009;42(2):64-74.
  14. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (revision). American Psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;157(4 Suppl):1-45. PMID: 10767867.
  15. Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, Deakin JF. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 1993 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2000 Mar;14(1):3-20. doi: 10.1177/026988110001400101. PMID: 10757248.
  16. https://www.medpagetoday.com/psychiatry/bipolardisorder/3389
  17. Sub Laban T, Saadabadi A. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) [Updated 2020 Aug 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539848/
  18. Armstrong C. APA Releases Guideline on Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Am Fam Physician. 2011 May 15;83(10):1219-1227. (Based on the most up-to-date guidelines for treating depression released by the APA in 2010.)
  19. Bodkin JA, Dunlop BW: Moving on with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Focus 2021; 19:50–52. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200046
  20. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/012342s064lbl.pdf
  21. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/011909s038lbl.pdf
  22. McGrath PJ, Stewart JW, Harrison W, et al. Treatment of tricyclic refractory depression with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1987;23(1):169-172.
  23. Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Nierenberg AA, Stewart JW, Warden D, Niederehe G, Thase ME, Lavori PW, Lebowitz BD, McGrath PJ, Rosenbaum JF, Sackeim HA, Kupfer DJ, Luther J, Fava M. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;163(11):1905-17. doi: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1905. PMID: 17074942.
  24. Wyatt RJ, Fram DH, Buchbinder R, Snyder F. Treatment of intractable narcolepsy with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. N Engl J Med. 1971 Oct 28;285(18):987-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197110282851802. PMID: 4328710.
  25. Roselaar SE, Langdon N, Lock CB, Jenner P, Parkes JD. Selegiline in narcolepsy. Sleep. 1987 Oct;10(5):491-5. doi: 10.1093/sleep/10.5.491. PMID: 3120270.
  26. Hublin C, Partinen M, Heinonen EH, Puukka P, Salmi T. Selegiline in the treatment of narcolepsy. Neurology. 1994 Nov;44(11):2095-101. doi: 10.1212/wnl.44.11.2095. PMID: 7969965.
  27. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic Depressive Illness. New York, Oxford University Press, 1990.
  28. Keller MB, Klerman GL, Lavori PW, et al. Treatment received by depressed patients. JAMA. 1982;248:1848–1855.
  29. Amsterdam JD, Chopra M. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors revisited. Psychiatric Annals. 2001;31:361–370.
  30. Pare CMB. The present status of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Br J Psychiatry. 1985;146:576–584.
  31. Guze BH, Baxter LR, Rego J. Refractory depression treated with high doses of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987;48:31–32.
  32. Amsterdam JD, Hornig-Rohan M. Treatment algorithms in treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1996;19:371–385.
  33. Bresnahan DB, Pandey GN, Janicak PG, Sharma R, Boshes RA, Chang SS, Gierl BL, Davis JM. MAO inhibition and clinical response in depressed patients treated with phenelzine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;51(2):47-50. PMID: 2298705.
  34. Parikh N, Yilanli M, Saadabadi A. Tranylcypromine. [Updated 2020 Jul 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459162/
  35. Lesse S. Tranylcypromine (Parnate)–a study of 1000 patients with severe agitated depressions. Am J Psychother. 1978 Apr;32(2):220-42. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1978.32.2.220. PMID: 677352.
  36. Thase ME, Mallinger AG, McKnight D, Himmelhoch JM. Treatment of imipramine-resistant recurrent depression, IV: A double-blind crossover study of tranylcypromine for anergic bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1992 Feb;149(2):195-8. doi: 10.1176/ajp.149.2.195. PMID: 1734739.
  37. Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, Quitkin FM, Rabkin JG, Harrison W, Wager S, Nunes E, Ocepek-Welikson K, Tricamo E. Chronic depression: response to placebo, imipramine, and phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Dec;13(6):391-6. PMID: 8120152.
  38. Gillman PK. Tricyclic antidepressant pharmacology and therapeutic drug interactions updated. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;151(6):737-748. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707253
  39. Doggrell SA, Woodruff GN. Effects of antidepressant drugs on noradrenaline accumulation and contractile responses in the rat anococcygeus muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1977 Mar;59(3):403-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb08393.x. PMID: 843683; PMCID: PMC1667914
  40. Heinonen EH, Myllylä V. Safety of selegiline (deprenyl) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Drug Saf. 1998 Jul;19(1):11-22. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199819010-00002. PMID: 9673855.
  41. Azzaro AJ, Vandenberg CM, Blob LF, Kemper EM, Sharoky M, Oren DA et al (2006). Tyramine pressor sensitivity during treatment with the selegiline transdermal system 6 mg/24 h in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 46: 933–944.
  42. Azzaro AJ, Ziemniak J, Kemper E, Campbell BJ, VanDenBerg C (2007). Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of selegiline following treatment of healthy subjects with the selegiline transdermal system (6 mg/24 h): a comparison with oral selegiline capsules. J Clin Pharmacol 47: 1256–1267.

What Next?

Create an account and schedule your first appointment with a provider to start MAOI treatment

Read more about MAOIs with a comprehensive video and written guide that reviews the basics, side effects, serious adverse reactions, comparisons between the MAOIs, dosing and titration schedules, unusual cases and more
Take a quick quiz to determine which MAOI may be best for you